The most popular position is empiricism, which holds that information is created by a course of involving statement and that scientific theories are the results of generalizations from such observations. Empiricism generally encompasses inductivism, a position that tries to elucidate the best way common theories could be justified by the finite variety of observations people could make and therefore the finite amount of empirical proof out there to verify scientific theories. This is critical because the variety of predictions these theories make is infinite, which implies that they cannot be known from the finite quantity of evidence utilizing deductive logic only.

It is believed that early experimentation with heating and mixing of substances over time developed into alchemy. The earliest roots of science could be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3500 to 3000 BCE. Their contributions to mathematics, astronomy, and drugs entered and formed Greek natural philosophy …