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In exceptional circumstances defences can apply to particular acts, similar to killing in self defence, or pleading insanity. Another instance is in the 19th-century English case of R v Dudley and Stephens, which examined a defence of “necessity”. Three crew members and Richard Parker, a 17-year-old cabin boy, have been stranded on a raft. They argued it was necessary to kill the cabin boy to protect their very own lives. King Hammurabi is revealed the code of laws by the Mesopotamian sun god Shamash, additionally revered because the god of justice. There have been several makes an attempt to provide “a universally acceptable definition of law”.

For an examination of comparative authorized systems and the connection of the law to the social sciences, see comparative law. For an evaluation of the position of law within the administration of government, see administrative law. For an …